Exposed Aggregate Procedure

Close-up view of a surface after removal of the cement paste.

Once the concrete has been placed, the decorative aggregate is ready to be revealed. There are several exposure methods contractors can choose from, depending on the look desired and size of the project. Only the top of the stone is exposed while the rest remains permanently embedded in the concrete. The general rule of thumb is to remove the surface mortar to a depth no more than one-third the diameter of the aggregate particle.

Brushing and washing

This is the oldest method and the simplest because it doesn’t require chemical retarders or special tools. You just wash away the thin layer of surface mortar covering the aggregate by spraying with water and scrubbing with a broom until the aggregate is exposed to the desired depth. The timing of the operation is critical, however, so this method is often better suited for small jobs. The work should begin as soon as the surface mortar can be removed without overexposing or dislodging the aggregate. You can test this by lightly brushing away the surface mortar in a small area with a stiff nylon-bristle broom.

Using a surface retarder

Today, most contractors expose aggregate by spraying a chemical surface retarder onto the slab surface immediately after placing and finishing. This delays the set and gives them the flexibility to remove the cement paste up to a day or so later, either by scrubbing or pressure washing. This flexibility can be especially important on large jobs or during hot weather.